Haven’t you heard it called Pekin? This is one of the many nicknames for the Palace of Culture and Science. It stands before us. The name “Pekin” arose because PKiN is the abbreviation of the Polish name of the Palace. It is a notable high-rise building in central Warsaw.
Originally, it was known as the Joseph Stalin’s Palace of Culture and Science. But destalinization led to the removal of Stalin’s name. It vanished from the colonnade, lobby and sculptures.
Considered controversial it is a reminder of Soviet influence. It was constructed during mass violations of human rights.
Now, let’s delve into its construction. An agreement was signed between Poland and the Soviet Union in 1952. The tower was a gift to the Polish people. Construction commenced in May 1952 and concluded in July 1955. Soviet plans were used. Around 3,500 to 5,000 Soviet workers and 4,000 Polish workers built it. Sadly, 16 workers died during construction accidents.
To determine the building’s height, Soviet and Polish architects gathered near the Vistula river. A plane with a balloon flew overhead. Initially at 100 meters, the balloon rose to 110 and then 120 meters. The Soviets deemed 120 meters sufficient. But the Poles wanted more height. Finally, it was set at 237 meters.
The architecture mirrors similar skyscrapers in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc. Moscow State University is one example. However, architect Lev Rudnev added Polish details. He traveled around Poland. He incorporated masonry from Renaissance houses and palaces of Kraków and Zamość.
Upon completion, the Palace of Culture and Science ranked as the eighth tallest globally. It was the second tallest in Europe. Many dignitaries toured the Palace shortly after its opening.
Notably, the Palace has hosted various events. The 5th World Festival of Youth and Students took place here in 1955. In 1967, The Rolling Stones performed. It was the first major Western rock concert behind the Iron Curtain. Leonard Cohen also performed here in 1985.
Now, the Palace serves as an exhibition center and office complex. It houses a multiplex cinema called Kinoteka. There are also four theaters here. You can find museums, offices, bookshops and a swimming pool. Even Collegium Civitas, an accredited university, calls this place home.
Take note of the sculptures surrounding the Palace. They represent figures of culture and science. Nicolaus Copernicus and Adam Mickiewicz stand at the main entrance.
Also, observe the clocks. Four clock faces were added in 2000. Each is 6.3 meters in diameter.
Interestingly, the Congress Hall hosted the Miss World 2006 finals. In 2010, modern LED lights were installed. This allows the Palace to display various colors at night.
Peregrine falcons nest on the 42nd floor. Cameras provide a live view of the nest. Cats also reside on the second basement floor. They help control rodents. Furthermore, an apiary exists on the roof of the Studio Theatre.
The Palace’s construction used tiles from the Ural Mountains in the Soviet Union. Over 7,500 workers contributed to its construction. 3,500 of them came from the Soviet Union.
Whether admired or criticized, the Palace of Culture and Science remains an integral part of Warsaw’s identity. Its history and functions make it a unique place. It stands as a lasting symbol in the capital’s landscape.