Was Buckland Prince William County’s first inland town? Yes, it was established in 1798. Buckland is more than just a place. It is a testament to history. It stands where Routes 29 and 15 meet.
Buckland’s story began long before its official founding. In the 1770s, the Carter family operated a mill on Broad Run. This mill laid the foundation for what Buckland would become. Samuel Love bought the land in 1774. He built Buckland Hall. The hall supported the operations of a farm. By the end of the 18th century, Buckland had grown. It included the essentials of a small town.
Following Samuel Love’s death, his son John petitioned the Virginia General Assembly. He wanted to establish the Town of Buckland. The request was successful in 1797. Buckland was founded, comprising 48 lots.
Buckland’s significance goes beyond its establishment. It was situated along the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike. This made it an important stop for travelers. Lafayette visited Buckland during his farewell tour in 1824. President Andrew Jackson visited numerous times as well.
However, the town faced challenges. The decline of the American grain trade impacted Buckland. The rise of railroads also contributed to its decline. Racial segregation further strained the community. The town became less successful in the years leading up to the Civil War. Buckland included inhabitants and artisans with many free African-Americans.
Buckland witnessed military action during the Civil War. On October 19, 1863, Union cavalry pursued Confederate cavalry. The Union troops were lured into an ambush near Buckland Mills. The Federal troopers were scattered. This event became known as the Battle of Buckland Mills. Some called it “Buckland Races.” The battle marked one of the Confederate cavalry’s last victories.
Recognizing Buckland’s historical value, Prince William County established the Buckland Historic Overlay District in 1978. This district ensures that development is approved by the Architectural Review Board. The Buckland Historic District was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1987. In 1988, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Many properties in the district are subject to preservation easements today.
Buckland is a reminder of the past. It whispers stories of mills and turnpikes. It echoes with the footsteps of presidents and soldiers. Its preservation ensures that these stories continue to be told. Buckland stands as a humble reminder of its complex history.