“Originally Cox Town.” That’s what Lower Marlboro was first called. It was named for early settlers Thomas and Henry Cox in 1663. Now, let’s stroll through this unincorporated community. Lower Marlboro is located in Calvert County. It sits right on the east bank of the Patuxent River.
Lower Marlboro may be small. But it holds a significant place in Maryland’s history. It’s about 15 miles south of Upper Marlboro. Both were once part of Marlborough Town. In 1744, “Upper” was added to distinguish it from the community now known as Lower Marlboro.
This town changed its name to Marlborough to honor the Duke. He defeated the French at the Battle of Blenheim in 1704. This victory reduced French and Indian attacks on the colonies. By the mid-18th century, Lower Marlboro boasted warehouses. There were also stores, taverns, a mill, a racetrack, and stately homes.
During the 19th century, Lower Marlboro thrived as a port town. Ships loaded and unloaded tobacco here. Imagine the bustling activity along the Patuxent River. Steamships frequented Lower Marlboro until 1938.
However, Lower Marlboro faced destruction during the War of 1812. The British burned the town. They were advancing toward Washington, D.C. Despite this, numerous homes from the early 19th century still stand in Lower Marlboro.
One notable home is the Grahame House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Another is the Harbor Master’s House. It was built in 1670. It once served as a post office and general store. Now, it’s a private residence.
You’ll find a historical marker near the meeting house. It details the town’s history. It explains how its name evolved over time. From Cox Town in 1643, to Marlborough, and finally to Lower Marlboro in the 19th century. The “lower” distinguishes it from Prince George’s County seat.
Lower Marlboro is easily walkable. However, be cautious of traffic. There are no sidewalks.
Once, Lower Marlboro even had a small, private airstrip. But it was sold in the mid-1990s. Now, a golf course sits near the old airfield. Former U.S. Senator and Maryland governor Joseph Kent once resided in Lower Marlboro.
Take a moment to appreciate the historical dwelling built in 1745. Malcolm Graeme constructed it on Patuxent Manor. It exemplifies early American architectural styles. Its brickwork and dormers showcase the period’s craftsmanship. This image is part of the Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South. It documents significant architectural sites. Lower Marlboro blends history, architecture, and natural beauty. It provides a glimpse into Maryland’s past. A past of bustling ports, wartime resilience, and enduring homes.