Imagine a Swedish engineer’s dream etched in pink granite. This is the John Ericsson National Memorial. It stands near the National Mall in Washington D.C. Let’s uncover the story behind this tribute. It honors a man who changed naval history. John Ericsson perfected the screw propeller. He also designed the USS Monitor. This ship secured Union naval power during the Civil War.
The John Ericsson National Memorial’s story began in 1916. Congress authorized its creation that year. But it wasn’t dedicated until May 29, 1926. President Calvin Coolidge and Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden presided over the ceremony. Congress allocated $35,000 for the memorial. Americans of Scandinavian descent raised another $25,000. Construction took place between September 1926 and April 1927.
James Earle Fraser sculpted the John Ericsson National Memorial. He was also known for designing the American buffalo nickel. The John Ericsson National Memorial features a seated figure of Ericsson. He seems deep in thought. Behind him is the tree Yggsdrasill. This is a reference to Norse mythology. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of the universe. Three figures stand beside Ericsson. They represent adventure, labor, and vision. Adventure is a Norse warrior. Labor is an American iron worker. Vision is a woman peering into the distance.
The John Ericsson National Memorial sits 820 feet south of the Lincoln Memorial. It overlooks the Potomac River. The base of the memorial is designed like a compass. This is fitting. Ericsson revolutionized marine propulsion and naval warfare.
Interestingly, the John Ericsson National Memorial almost missed its unveiling. The granite blocks weren’t ready in time for the 1926 ceremony. A painted plaster model stood in their place. It was pink to resemble stone. The real granite memorial was completed in October 1927.
When one mentions the name John Ericsson, the general reaction of the listener is a blank stare. This is unfortunate. Captain John Ericsson possessed one of the greater engineering minds that ever existed. His inventions still affect us to this day. His creations reinforce the notion that anyone can come to this great nation and bring to fruition their dreams, large or small. His story testifies to the opportunity afforded by a free society. It shows that personal drive can produce great things. Ericsson transformed naval propulsion. His USS Monitor preserved the United States Navy’s blockade. It ensured Yankee naval supremacy. The John Ericsson National Memorial serves as a reminder of his contributions. It honors an immigrant who shaped American history.