Directly on the Rhine’s edge stands Weisenau a Mainz district. Its old village center evokes a quaint fishing village. For centuries fishermen and ferrymen lived here alongside winemakers. Narrow winding streets climb the slope toward the Catholic Church of Mary’s Ascension. This is Weisenau’s landmark. From here you get a stunning view over the Rhine and the green opposite bank.
Weisenau’s history is deeply intertwined with Mainz. Evidence suggests settlement as early as the 6th millennium BC. Archaeological finds from the Bronze Age show active ferry traffic. The arrival of Celts is linked to Caesar’s conquest of Gaul between 58 and 51 BC. They settled on the Rhine’s high ground around 50-15 BC. This means Weisenau existed as a Celtic settlement even before the Romans.
Around 25-20 BC the Celts built a pottery kiln. This was a surprising find typical of Central Gaul. It reflects technological transfer likely influenced by Roman contact. The Romans established an auxiliary camp on the high ground. This is where the Portland cement works are today. The camp later even served as a staging area for two Roman legions. With the military came craftsmen traders and others creating a “Vicus Weisenau”.
The original Celtic or Roman name remains unknown. It’s speculated Romans called it “vicus novus” meaning “new place”. This might explain its medieval name Wizenowe. After Drusus’ death in 9 BC a memorial was erected in the modern citadel. It commemorated him on the route connecting the main camp to Weisenau.
The auxiliary camp and Vicus Weisenau were significant. They produced goods for the army and the civilian population. The area had ample raw materials such as quarries and clay deposits. By the end of the 1st century AD the military camp lost importance. The Limes border wall secured the Rhine frontier. Weisenau and Mainz were now in the safe hinterland.
Potteries however remained active until the mid-3rd century. Mercenaries brought Christianity and oriental cults to the Rhine. Mogontiacum the Roman name for Mainz was fortified around 256 AD. Weisenau’s businesses relocated closer to the protected city. By 350 AD the Roman legionary camp was abandoned.
The Roman presence ceased around 450 AD. Weisenau’s story continues. It shifted its location several times. In the 10th century much of Weisenau became part of the St Victor’s Stift. The Stift enjoyed immunity with its own jurisdiction until the 18th century.
Today over 10000 people live in Weisenau. They appreciate its proximity to Mainz and its infrastructure. Weisenau’s heart beats on the Tanzplatz where festivals like the Blussus Fest and Weisenauer Kerb take place. These celebrations showcase the district’s unique charm. The synagogue built in 1735/36 stands as a testament to the Jewish community’s presence. Its unique mikvahs are a remarkable discovery. Weisenau’s rich history from Celtic beginnings to its modern identity makes it a captivating place.