Peering out at that small island you see out there, do you wonder why it is called Isla de Ratas? Isla de Ratas translates to Rat Island. It is also known as Isla de la Libertad meaning Liberty Island. This small islet resides in Montevideo Bay. It holds a surprising amount of history within its 4 hectares.
The Isla de Ratas has been called many names over time. It was once known as Isla de la Guerrilla. It was also named Isla de las Gaviotas, Isla de los Franceses, Isla de los Conejos and even Isla de las Palomas. Each name likely reflecting a different period.
Its strategic location made it important for defense. During the Spanish colonial era, it served as an enclave. The Fortaleza del Cerro worked with it to defend the bay. Royalists built a battery and a powder magazine there. They also used it as a detention center. However, the cannons on Isla de Ratas had limited range. They could only defend the island’s powder magazine from the Cerro.
One of the first successful battles for independence happened here. In 1843, it was renamed Isla Libertad during the Guerra Grande. Admiral Guillermo Brown’s squadron supported Manuel Oribe. But they were driven away by Giuseppe Garibaldi. Garibaldi commanded the Montevideo government’s squadron.
For a short time, Isla de Ratas served as a quarantine station. Immigrants would be isolated here. But controls were easy to avoid. People could easily slip into the city.
In 1931, a new chapter began for Isla de Ratas. A hangar and seaplane ramp were built. It became a naval air base under the Uruguayan Navy. The base was officially opened on February 21, 1933. By 1938, electricity and telephone cables connected the island to the mainland. The Navy used the base until 1950. Then, they moved to a new air-naval base in Laguna del Sauce.
After the Navy left, the island was converted into a port warehouse. Today, the structures stand in ruins. They serve as silent reminders of Isla de Ratas’ varied past. From a defensive outpost to a naval air base, this small island has played many roles. Its history is a microcosm of Montevideo’s own story. So next time you gaze upon Isla de Ratas remember its many names. Remember its strategic importance. Remember its transformation over time. It is more than just a small island. It is a symbol of resilience and change.