Ever since 1864, the Great Synagogue of Marseille has been a beacon of faith. It stands as a testament to the enduring Jewish presence in this vibrant city. We are standing on Rue Breteuil now right in front of it.
The Great Synagogue is more than just a building. It is a symbol of resilience and community. Its story began in the mid-19th century. The Jewish community in Marseille was growing. They needed a larger, more prominent place to worship.
The previous synagogue on Rue Grignan was too small. It was also falling into disrepair. A campaign started in 1855. Its goal was to raise money for a new synagogue. Architect Nathan Salomon’s design was approved in 1860. Four years later, in 1864, the Great Synagogue was completed.
Salomon’s design is unique. It blends Romanesque Revival and Byzantine Revival styles. It also draws inspiration from the Synagogue de Nazareth in Paris. The building’s basilica form is more commonly seen in ancient Greece and Rome, and in churches. This was a deliberate choice. The architects wanted to reflect the diversity of the worshippers. Inside, you will find a pulpit and an organ. These are features more often associated with Christian churches.
Let’s step inside the Great Synagogue. Imagine the sunlight streaming through the stained-glass windows. The light casts a rainbow of colors across the marbled floor. The floor guides you toward the Holy Ark. Here, about twenty Torah scrolls rest. These scrolls are essential for religious services.
At the center of the ground floor stands a wooden platform. It was a gift from the president of the Central Israelite Consistory of France in 1889. This commemorated the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Services and public readings take place from this platform. The synagogue’s acoustics are exceptional because of its height.
The Great Synagogue has faced adversity. During World War II, Nazis arrested worshippers during a Hanukkah service. A bomb exploded on Rue Dragon. This street is just behind the synagogue. Yet, the synagogue remained standing. Only the stained-glass windows needed replacement. The organ also survived intact. It only needed cleaning.
Today, the Great Synagogue of Marseille continues to thrive. It hosts daily services. It is a gathering place for the Jewish community. About twenty weddings take place here each year. Bar Mitzvahs and Brit Milahs are also celebrated here. It was renamed Synagogue Breteuil – Beth Yossef. This honors Joseph Haïm Sitruk. He was the former grand rabbi of Marseille. He left a lasting impact on the community.
Before we leave, notice the Wall of Names in the lower courtyard. This serves as a memorial to the Jews deported during World War II. The Great Synagogue is a monument. It is a symbol of faith, resilience, and community.