Journey back to a time when the Celestial Masters held sway over Sichuan. Here in Chengdu, the Xiang’er, a fascinating commentary on the Daodejing, offers a glimpse into their beliefs. The Xiang’er, meaning “thinking of you,” whispers wisdom from the past. It dates back to the 3rd century CE. It reflects the era when the Celestial Masters established a theocratic state in the region. This text illuminates their unique blend of Daoism.
The Xiang’er wasn’t meant only for the elite. It spoke to everyday people, offering advice on how to live a virtuous life. It provided guidance on personal conduct and social harmony, all rooted in the principles of Daoism. It emphasized the importance of respecting heaven and cultivating inner peace. This was key to achieving immortality.
The discovery of the Xiang’er at Dunhuang was a pivotal moment. Unearthed among the treasures of the Mogao Caves, this ancient text resurfaced in the 20th century. It traveled with Aurel Stein to London, adding another layer to our understanding of early Daoist thought. Sadly, the complete Xiang’er is lost to time. The surviving portion only covers chapters 37 through 37 of the Daodejing. Scholars believe a second part once existed.
The Xiang’er reveals some unique aspects of Celestial Master practices. It advises against certain Daoist sexual practices, challenging common assumptions. It delves into the concept of internal spirits residing within the body, sustained by qi. By nourishing these spirits, one could achieve immortality. Although the Xiang’er mentions meditation, it doesn’t offer specific techniques.
The Xiang’er also had political implications. It encouraged rulers to shape society based on Daoist principles. Imagine a society governed not by greed or ambition, but by reverence for the heavens. This reverence was believed to foster moral behavior, leading to a harmonious society. The Xiang’er’s teachings blend personal spirituality with societal well-being. They offer a unique perspective on early Daoist thought in ancient China.