A gift from the Chinese people stands before us. This is the Supreme Courts Complex. It is a symbol of justice and friendship between Sri Lanka and China.
Let’s delve into the story of this significant building. The Supreme Courts Complex is the highest court in Sri Lanka. It is the final judicial instance of record. Established in 1801, the Supreme Court holds ultimate appellate jurisdiction. This jurisdiction covers constitutional matters. It takes precedence over all lower courts.
The Sri Lankan judicial system is a mix of common law and civil law. In some cases, like those involving capital punishment, the decision goes to the President. The President then considers clemency petitions.
The Supreme Court was created on April 18, 1801. This was done with the Royal Charter of Justice of 1801 by King George III. The British controlled most of the island at the time. The inland territory of Kandy was excluded. This creation was repealed in 1833. A new charter covered the whole island. In 1948, Sri Lanka gained independence. It adopted a new Constitution in 1972 becoming a republic.
Until 1971, appeals could be made. They went from the Supreme Court of Ceylon to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. This ended with the Court of Appeal Act No. 44 in 1971.
In December 2020, a fire broke out in the building. Firefighters quickly doused it.
The court consists of the Chief Justice of Sri Lanka. There are also not less than six and not more than sixteen other judges. The President appoints them. The Constitutional Council must approve the President’s recommendation.
The Chief Justice, Justices of the Supreme Court, and Justices of the Court of Appeal are addressed as Your Lordship. They receive the title The Honourable Justice.
The President of Sri Lanka appoints and removes all Supreme Court judges. The Constitutional Council must advise and consent to these appointments. The Council can get the views of the Chief Justice and the Attorney General.
Judges can serve until they are 65 years old. This is the retirement age fixed by the Constitution. They can only be removed by an order of the President. This order requires an address to the Parliament. It also needs the support of the majority of its members. The removal must be due to proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
In 2023, a comprehensive refurbishment began on the Superior Courts complex. This was a China-aided project. The Chinese government assisted in constructing the complex. The design was completed in 1984. The building was handed over in 1989. It has a construction area of 23,013 square meters. With its unique style, the building has become a landmark in Colombo. It meets the needs of the Ministry of Justice, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court. The renovation is expected to be completed in October 2025.
The Supreme Court is empowered to exercise original advisory and appellate judicial functions. It is the final Court of Record and the Court of Appeal.
Supreme Court judges wear scarlet gowns when attending court. On special occasions, they wear a scarlet gown, barrister’s bands, a mantle, and a long wig.
The Supreme Courts Complex stands as a testament to justice. It also represents the enduring friendship between Sri Lanka and China. Its history and ongoing renovations reflect the importance of the rule of law. They highlight international cooperation.