“Immeasurable life” that’s what Muryoju-kyo Sutra means. This place is deeply connected with the teachings of this key Buddhist scripture. Let’s explore the essence of this sutra. We will discover its profound impact on Japanese Buddhism and beyond.
The Muryoju-kyo Sutra is a central text in Mahayana Buddhism. It is originally known as Sukhavativyuha Sutra. This translates to “Solemnity of the Pure Land”. It is sometimes called “the larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra”. This distinguishes it from the Amida Sutra. Both share the same name in Sanskrit.
Originally written in Sanskrit, the sutra also exists in Tibetan and Chinese translations. In Japan, it is commonly known as “Bussetsu Muryojukyo”. This is the version translated by Sogi Kosogai. The present writing system makes it accessible. This addresses issues related to the nation’s script.
The Chinese translations have a complex history. It is believed that there were twelve translations. Sadly, only five remain today. The translators of “Kan-yaku,” “Go-yaku,” and “Gi-yaku” remain subjects of debate.
The monk Lokaksema translated a significant commentary. This commentary is on the “Buddha’s Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment”. It consists of four volumes. It is also referred to as “Seijobyodokakukyo” or “Byodokakukyo”.
Other figures are credited with similar translations. These figures include Hogo JIKU, Zhu Fahua and Baiyan. It is important to note a key detail. The Primal Vow of Amitabha is described as twenty-four vows not forty-eight in some texts.
Another important version is the “Sutra on the Way of Salvation of Humans by Amida”. Zhi Qian translated this perfectly enlightened one. It is also known as “the Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra”. Some attribute this translation to Lokaksenma.
The “Bussetsu Muryojukyo” translated by Sogi Kosogai is central to the Jodo sect. “Muryojukyo” generally refers to this translation within the Jodo sect. This is unless otherwise specified.
The “Bussetsu Muryojukyo” is a basic scripture of Japanese Jodo sect. It is part of “the Jodo Sanbu-kyo”. This includes the Kammuryoju-kyo and the Amida-kyo. Shinran founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect gave this sutra special importance. He regarded it as the most important scripture.
The sutra is also known as “Dai Muryojukyo”. Since it has two parts, it is also called “Sokan Muryojukyo” or “Sokankyo”.
The “Wei Translation” stands out. It uses vocabulary common to Taoism and Daoism. Terms like “natural,” “idleness,” and “purity” are frequently used.
Part one of the sutra begins at Mt. Ryojusen. Shaka preaches to bhiksus and bodhisattvas. The king of a country becomes a disciple of Sejizaiobutsu. He takes the name Hojo Bosatsu. He expresses his desire to witness the development of Buddhism. Hozo bosatsu makes forty-eight vows to his mentor.
He then vows to fulfill them. He preaches about his ascetic practices. He describes becoming Amida Buddha in the Pure Land.
Part two emphasizes the desire for rebirth in Sukhavati. It focuses on becoming a Buddha. It is divided into top, second, and third classes of Buddhists. Shakyamuni advises reading Gemon and respecting Amida Buddha.
He also preaches the virtue of those born in the Pure Land. Shakyamuni shows Maitreyathe the reasons for suffering in the world. He speaks against killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and drinking.
He preaches that listening to and uttering the name of Buddha of Immeasurable Life brings efficacy. Those who listen are sure to be born in the Pure Land.
The epilogue states that the Muryoju-kyo Sutra will remain. It will continue to work for people’s salvation. This is even after other laws disappear.
Another version is the “Sutra of Tathagata of Immeasurable Life”. Bodhiruci translated this in Tang. The original vow of Amitabha is “forty-eight” vows in this version.
Lastly, there is the “Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra”. Hokken translated this in Sung. In this version, the Primal Vow of Amida Buddha is thirty-six vows.
The Muryoju-kyo Sutra’s teachings offer solace. It gives guidance for spiritual seekers. The scripture continues to inspire countless individuals. Its influence resonates deeply within the realms of faith and practice. The sutra’s timeless wisdom remains a beacon. It lights the path towards enlightenment.