Unique among Byzantine sacred architecture, the Little Metropolis stands as a testament to Athens’ enduring spirit. This small church has seen empires rise and fall. It stands next to the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens.
Officially named the Holy Church of Theotokos Gorgoepikoos and Saint Eleutherius, locals call it the Little Metropolis. The Little Metropolis church is often overlooked. But its history is rich. It whispers tales of ancient goddesses and struggles for independence.
Built upon the ruins of a temple dedicated to Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, the Little Metropolis blends pagan past with Christian present. Its construction date remains debated. Scholars estimate it to be around the end of the 12th century AD. Others suggest a later date.
What makes the Little Metropolis truly special is its unique construction. Unlike other Byzantine churches, it lacks brick masonry. Instead, it is built entirely of marble fragments. These fragments come from different eras of Athens. The original founder incorporated ancient building materials. Sculptures are also built into the walls.
Look closely at the frieze above the windows of the Little Metropolis. You will see ancient Greek and Roman “spolia.” There are early Christian and Byzantine sculptures. Over 90 different artifacts hide in the temple’s walls.
One extraordinary frieze is on the upper part of the front wall. Divided into 12 sections, it shows zodiac signs. Scenes of celebrations and agricultural activities are also depicted. Each corresponds to a month of an ancient lunar calendar.
Originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary Gorgoepikoos, the church acquired its nickname because of its location. It stood within the bounds of the residence of the Metropolitan of Athens. During Ottoman rule, it served as a parish church.
After the Greek War of Independence, the Little Metropolis took on a new role. From 1834 to 1862, it served as a warehouse for relics and antiquities. It also functioned as a public library. Later, when King Otto was evicted, it was dedicated to Saint Eleutherius.
In January 2023, the Little Metropolis was used for the lying-in-state of Constantine II of Greece. Thousands mourned the last King of the Hellenes. The Little Metropolis has three aisles. The central aisle is higher than the others. The walls consist exclusively of reused marble.
The Little Metropolis church is a historical monument. It narrates the history of Athens from ancient times. It continues through the city’s liberation and into modern times. Its unique architecture is a must-see. The Little Metropolis stands as a reminder of Athens’ past. It is a spiritual haven in the heart of the city.