“Morning moon over Lugou.” Those are the words Emperor Qianlong used to describe this very spot. We are standing at the Marco Polo Bridge. It is also known as Lugou Bridge. This bridge is more than just stone and arches. It’s a stage for history. It is a symbol of cultural pride.
The Marco Polo Bridge stretches across the Yongding River. The river is now often dry. The bridge still stands strong. It is a testament to enduring craftsmanship. Built initially in 1189, it has seen dynasties rise and fall. Marco Polo himself marveled at its splendor in the 13th century. He declared it nearly unparalleled in the world.
The Marco Polo Bridge earned its European name from Polo’s glowing description. The Chinese structural engineer Mao Yisheng called it splendid. He ranked it among China’s finest bridges. He placed it alongside the Zhaozhou Bridge. He also mentioned the Five-Pavilion Bridge for elegance.
But the Marco Polo Bridge is not only beautiful. It is a place of huge historical importance. In 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred here. This marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. This single spot changed the course of history.
Take a closer look at the lions. Hundreds of stone lions line the Marco Polo Bridge. Each one is unique. They are dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some are even older from the Yuan and Jin dynasties. The lions’ expressions and postures vary. Some are playing with cubs. Others stand guard with fierce determination.
How many lions are there? That’s a question that has puzzled historians for years. Counts range from 482 to 501. Originally, there were said to be 627 lions. The exact number remains a delightful mystery.
Notice the steles at each end of the Marco Polo Bridge. One records the reconstruction by the Kangxi Emperor in 1698. The other bears Emperor Qianlong’s calligraphy. His words capture the bridge’s scenic beauty. The “Morning moon over Lugou” still inspires awe.
The Marco Polo Bridge is an architectural marvel. It is built of granite. It features eleven arches. Triangular iron pillars protect the piers from floods and ice. The Marco Polo Bridge combines artistry with engineering. The bridge has been restored. It stands as a pedestrian walkway today. It allows us to appreciate its details without the disturbance of traffic.
The Marco Polo Bridge links more than just land. It connects us to the past. It reminds us of both artistic achievement and pivotal moments in history. As you leave, remember the “Morning moon over Lugou.” Remember the watchful stone lions. Remember the Marco Polo Bridge.