Fremdkörper. That’s what some people called the Amerika-Haus Ruhr when it first appeared amidst Essen’s ruins. Today, we know it as the Kennedyhaus. This building, standing before you, has quite the story to tell.
The Kennedyhaus, now known for Stratmanns Theater, wasn’t always called that. Following the Second World War, Essen lay in ruins. The city needed to rebuild not only its buildings but also its spirit. In April 1945, American troops ended the war in Essen. They sought to create a positive image of America.
Thus, the Amerika-Haus Ruhr was born. Architect Hermann Gehrig designed it. It was the first building in Germany specifically designed as an Amerika-Haus. Others were often buildings used by the National Socialists. It stood apart.
Opened on February 22, 1952, it coincided with George Washington’s 220th birthday. Inside, you would have found a library in the left wing. Above that, an exhibition room awaited. To the right of the entrance, a lecture hall stood ready. The building aimed at re-education. Its goal was to bring American culture closer to the German people. One visitor noted that he learned that American culture is as highly developed as theirs, even if it is not as old.
Yet, the concept faced challenges. The library and lectures weren’t always well-attended. However, the film evenings were popular. Some criticized the Amerika-Häuser for cultural imperialism. The Kennedyhaus was even known as a popular spot for the homeless.
In 1963, the Gildenplatz was renamed Kennedyplatz. This honored US President John F. Kennedy after his assassination. Then, in 1964, the Amerika-Haus Ruhr closed. It was believed it had fulfilled its purpose.
But the building’s life wasn’t over. After renovations, it became the Kennedy-Haus. From 1964 to 1979, it served as Essen’s temporary city hall. Later, until 1988, it housed the Haus Industrieform collection. This was a precursor to the Design Zentrum NRW. It even served as a retail space.
In 1991, the Kennedyhaus received landmark status. Soon after, the Stratmann brothers took over. In 1994, they opened Stratmanns Theater here. It was part of their Europahaus concept, complete with a restaurant.
So, the next time you pass the Kennedyhaus, remember its journey. From a symbol of American re-education to a cultural landmark, it has played many roles in Essen’s history.