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The Bronx is New York City’s northernmost borough. It is coextensive with Bronx County in New York. The Bronx shares a land border with Westchester County. Manhattan is to its south and west across the Harlem River. Queens lies to its south and east across the East River. The Bronx is not primarily located on an island. It has a land area of 42 square miles. The 2020 census recorded 1472654 people. It has the fourth-largest area of the five boroughs. It has the fourth-highest population and third-highest population density.
The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River. The west is hillier. The east is flatter. Jerome Avenue divides east and west street names. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874. Areas east of the Bronx River were annexed in 1895. Bronx County separated from New York County in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx is open space. This includes Woodlawn Cemetery and Van Cortlandt Park. Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo are also included. The Thain Family Forest at the New York Botanical Garden is thousands of years old. It is New York City’s largest remaining tract of original forest. These open spaces were reserved in the late 19th century. This happened as urban development progressed north and east from Manhattan. The Bronx is also home to Yankee Stadium.
The word “Bronx” comes from Jonas Bronck. He was Swedish-born. He established the first European settlement in the area in 1639. It was part of the New Netherland colony. European settlers displaced the native Lenape after 1643. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant and migrant groups. It transformed into an urban community. Immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. They also came from Italy and Eastern Europe. Later, immigrants arrived from the Caribbean region. These included Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Haiti. Others came from Guyana, Jamaica and Barbados. The Dominican Republic was also represented. West Africa, the Southern United States, Panama, Honduras and South Asia also contributed.
The Bronx contains the poorest congressional district in the United States: New York’s 15th. The borough also features upper- and middle-income neighborhoods. These are Riverdale, Fieldston and Spuyten Duyvil. Schuylerville, Pelham Bay and Pelham Gardens are also included. Parts of the Bronx saw a steep decline. This affected population and housing. The quality of life declined from the mid-to-late 1960s. This continued throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s. It culminated in a wave of arson in the late 1970s. Hip hop music evolved during this period. The South Bronx experienced severe urban decay. The borough began experiencing new population growth in the late 1990s. This continues to the present day.
The native Siwanoy band of Lenape called the Bronx Rananchqua. Other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River. This is now the Bronx River.
Jonas Bronck built a farm named “Emmaus”. It was near Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in Mott Haven. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company. He also bought additional tracts from local tribes. He accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung. This became known as Bronck’s River or the Bronx River. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck’s Land.
The Bronx is referred to with the definite article as “the Bronx”. The “County of the Bronx” also takes “the” immediately before “Bronx”. The United States Postal Service uses “Bronx, NY” for mailing addresses. The region was named after the Bronx River. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. A story explains the use of the definite article. It stems from the phrase “visiting the Broncks”. This referred to the settler’s family.
European colonization of the Bronx began in 1639. The Bronx was originally part of Westchester County. It was ceded to New York County in two parts. The West Bronx in 1874 and the East Bronx in 1895.
Orange Park offers a small green space. It is part of Marble Hill in the Bronx. A place to relax and reflect. A place to take a break from city life.