Foz do Sousa

Across the confluence of two rivers, the Sousa and Ferreira, lies Foz do Sousa. Foz do Sousa is a place steeped in whispers of ancient times. Legend claims this village dates back to a period so remote, it predates written records. The very land is said to have once belonged to people from neighboring parishes and even some from across the Douro River. While documents may be absent, the echoes of history resonate in the tales of an ancient castle. This castle, they say, once stood proudly on the slopes overlooking Foz do Sousa. Some accounts credit its construction to the Romans, others to the Lusitanians. During the reign of the Visigoth princes, the castle was either rebuilt or founded, depending on which version of the story you hear. It was strategically located on the banks of the Sousa River, facing Arnelas. This prime position made it a coveted prize for warriors and conquerors across centuries. Barbarians, Romans, Christians, and Moors all clashed over this strategic stronghold. Records indicate the castle still existed in 1136. The exact date of its demise remains shrouded in mystery, lost somewhere in the relentless wars that plagued the region. Conflicts with Castilians and Moors, from the time of Count D. Henrique to D. Sancho II, likely led to its destruction. The castle was razed to its foundations, leaving behind only the fragments of written accounts. Foz do Sousa takes its name from the Sousa River. The river originates near the church of Moure, at the base of Mount Santa Quitéria in Felgueiras. It flows southeast, passing northwest of Penafiel, sometimes dividing the districts of Penafiel and Paredes, other times cutting through them. After a journey of 45 to 50 kilometers, it merges with the Ferreira River. The combined waters flow into the parish of Foz do Sousa, also known as S. João da Foz do Sousa. This confluence sits on the right bank of the Douro River, 12 kilometers from Porto, almost directly opposite Arnelas. The name “Sousa” is believed to derive from the Low Latin “saucia,” meaning “willow grove” or “willow forest.” The linguistic journey is thought to have progressed from saucia to sauça, then souça, and finally Sousa. In the heart of Foz do Sousa stands the parish church. This church dates back to the 17th century, specifically 1702. It was commissioned by a wealthy landowner who desired the privilege of having a church near his residence. Today, it serves as the parish church. While it may not be architecturally significant, the church boasts exquisite woodwork. The turned wood of the high altar is particularly noteworthy. The gilded carvings adorning its five altars are also remarkable. In earlier times, agriculture and fishing sustained the community. The foundry industry also played a significant role, with Foz do Sousa hosting important factories. Today, the village strives to diversify its industrial activities and promote tourism. The unique environmental qualities of Foz do Sousa serve as a strong foundation for this effort.