Five hundred years ago a wooden church stood here. This is the site of the Church of Saint Nicholas in Khamovniki. It’s a story woven into the very fabric of Moscow.
The first documented mention of the church dates back to 1625. It was likely a simple wooden structure. This humble beginning contrasts sharply with the magnificent church before you today.
Construction of the current five-domed church began in 1679. It was completed in 1682. The bell tower a testament to the craftsmanship of the time followed in 1694. It’s considered one of the tallest tent-style bell towers in the Moscow region. A side chapel dedicated to Saint Dmitry of Rostov was added in 1757.
The Church of Saint Nicholas in Khamovniki is a stunning example of late Muscovite Baroque. It’s one of many bonfire temples. These are churches without internal load-bearing columns. They are crowned with layers of small circular kokoshnik-type gables. Each gable symbolizes a heavenly fire. The cluster of gables represents the Throne of God. Small decorative columns add a Western touch to the distinctly Russian design.
The fire of 1812 caused significant damage. The church wasn’t reopened until 1849. Before its reopening the church acquired a precious relic in 1848. This was a copy of the Defender of Sinners icon of the Theotokos. It was a gift from Dmitry Doncheskul. This icon now resides in the Saint Dmitry annex. The church also houses 17th-century icons of Saint Alexis and the Hodegetria of Smolensk.
The Church of Saint Nicholas in Khamovniki has operated continuously since 1849. It survived the Soviet era. It did lose its main bell. The bell was restored in 1992. The church underwent external restoration in 1949 and again in 1972. Father Pavel Lepekhin served here for an exceptionally long tenure. He served from 1915 to 1960. Metropolitan Pitirim Nechaev was offered the position in 1972 but declined. He said the congregation was always too large. Even young priests found it physically demanding to serve.
Leo Tolstoy a literary giant lived nearby. His home was just two blocks north on the street that now bears his name. This connection adds another layer to the church’s rich history. The Church of Saint Nicholas in Khamovniki stands as a silent witness to centuries of Moscow life. Its beauty and resilience are a testament to faith. Its architectural details offer a glimpse into the past. It’s a treasure for Moscow and the world.