Didn’t Emperor Gotoba say about Shofukuji Temple: “This is the First Zen Temple in Japan?” Shofukuji Temple holds a special place in Japanese history. It stands as the first Zen temple ever built in the country. Founded by the priest Eisai in 1195 Shofukuji introduced the Rinzai sect of Zen Buddhism from China.
Before Zen took root Buddhism already had a long history in Japan. Eisai’s teachings promoted meditation and discipline. These quickly gained popularity with the samurai class. They were rising in political power in Kamakura.
Walk with me through Shofukuji’s grounds. Notice the features of a typical Zen temple. The wooden buildings have been rebuilt many times. The Sanmon Gate is quite prominent. It stands before a small pond and bridge. This gate was rebuilt in 1911.
Follow the tree-lined path from the Sanmon Gate to the Butsuden Hall. Inside you will see a small wooden statue of Buddha. Giant golden statues of other Buddhas flank it on either side. Look up to see a painting of a cloud dragon.
Shofukuji has other interesting buildings. There is a belfry and a hall dedicated to Eisai. You can explore more Buddhist architecture in the neighborhood.
Eisai’s journey to establish Zen Buddhism was gradual. He traveled to Kamakura in 1199. The Shogun and samurai embraced his teachings. Eisai remained a Tendai monk until his death in 1215. Later teachers established a pure school of Japanese Zen. It was free from other influences.
Note the Zen philosophy reflected in the grounds. The temple layout building design and building functions all embrace it. The halls for special ceremonies embody Zen principles. The grounds promote enlightenment. Zen temples differ from those before the Kamakura period. Their buildings and grounds lack symmetry.
As you explore notice the subtle curves of the roofs. Look for the cusped windows and paneled doors. Interestingly there is no temple pagoda here. Pagodas are not a feature of Zen influence.
Shofukuji Temple houses important artifacts. These include items from the priest and artist Sengai. There is also an ancient korai bell from Korea. Emperor Gotoba presented a votive table to the temple.
Shofukuji Temple suffered damage during World War II. The grounds have been reduced from their original size. Yet the essence of Zen remains palpable. Shofukuji continues to be a place of reflection. It shares the rich history of Zen Buddhism in Japan.